Chapter 106
— Suffering Defeat, Gongsun Yuan Meets His Death; Pretending Illness, Sima Yi Deceives Cao Shuang.
Gongsun Yuan's High Counselor and second envoy, and the recipient of the chapter's most quoted speech. Approaches on his knees and offers Gongsun Xiu as hostage with every officer bound in cords, and is answered: 'There are five possible operations for any army. If you can fight, fight; if you cannot fight, defend; if you cannot defend, flee; if you cannot flee, surrender; if you cannot surrender, die.' He 'put his hands over his head and fled like a rat'.